Country pack
communityUnited Arab Emirates
Ekwo is free, open source accounting software. Its United Arab Emirates pack carries the chart of accounts (United Arab Emirates reference chart of accounts, 111 accounts), 2 tax rates in AED, the periodic return (VAT return, 11 boxes), and the pint-ae e-invoicing profile. Last checked on 2026-09-22 against 9 texts of law and official sources.
- Country code
AE- Currency
AED- Pack version
0.1.0- Last checked
- 2026-09-22
What the pack carries
- Charts of accountsWhat a company installs, and who each chart is published for.
default(default) — 111 accounts, for companies
- TaxesHow many the pack carries, at which distinct rates, and which treatments it can express.
- 20 taxes at rates of 0, 5
domestic,domestic_reverse_charge,exempt,export,foreign_services_received,import,not_subject - Periodic declarationThe form the ledger is read into, the cadences it is filed on, and how many boxes it has.
AE-VAT-RETURN— 11 boxes, filed month or quarter
- When it is dueA rule of the country, not a date. A pack that cannot state its rule states nothing.
- day 28 of the month after the period
- The file it is deposited asThe brick of packages/formats that writes it, where one exists.
- filed by hand on the administration’s portal
- Electronic invoicingThe profile the country imposes, the day it starts, and the text that imposes it.
pint-ae— mandatory from 2027-01-01Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017, Articles 65(5) and 70(4) (both added by Federal Decree-Law No. 16 of 2024) make a Registrant 'subject to the Electronic Invoicing System' issue and transmit Tax Invoices and Tax Credit Notes as Electronic Invoices and Electronic Credit Notes. Who is subject, and from when, is set by Ministerial Decision No. 243 of 2025 (the Electronic Invoicing System itself) and Ministerial Decision No. 244 of 2025 (its implementation timeline), read here from the Ministry of Finance's own UAE Electronic Invoicing Guidelines, Version 1.1 of 1 June 2026: a voluntary pilot and a general voluntary phase both open on 1 July 2026, and mandatory implementation is phased by the Person's annual revenue — by 1 January 2027 for a Person with revenue of AED 50,000,000 or more (Accredited Service Provider appointed by 31 July 2026), by 1 July 2027 for every other Person (Accredited Service Provider appointed by 31 March 2027), and by 1 October 2027 for a Government Entity (Accredited Service Provider appointed by 31 March 2027); a 24-month grace period from 1 January 2027 applies to transactions between members of the same VAT group. `mandatory_from` carries the earliest of these dates, 1 January 2027, the day the obligation first binds anyone; docs/international.md carries the rest of the calendar, which this field cannot hold on its own. The exchange is a 5-corner model the Guidelines call DCTCE (Decentralised Continuous Transaction Control and Exchange): the supplier's Accredited Service Provider (Corner 2) and the buyer's (Corner 3) exchange the Electronic Invoice over the OpenPeppol Interoperability Framework and each report the Tax Data to the Federal Tax Authority (Corner 5). Accreditation of a Service Provider is Ministerial Decision No. 64 of 2025, as amended by Ministerial Decision No. 56 of 2026; penalties for non-compliance are Cabinet Decision No. 106 of 2025. The format is PINT AE, the Peppol International invoicing specification localised for the UAE. A party's Participant Identifier on the network is ICD `0235` followed by its 10-digit Tax Identification Number (TIN), the first 10 digits of its 15-digit Tax Registration Number (TRN); `vat_scheme` is left empty because no separate ISO 6523 code is registered for the 15-digit TRN itself, which Article 59 of the Executive Regulation asks a Tax Invoice to print in full. PINT AE's own tax categories — Standard Rate, Exempt from VAT, Out of scope, Reverse Charge, Zero rated, Margin scheme — are a closed list of six the Guidelines print in full (section 10.5) and are not the UNCL5305 letters `vat_category` holds; each tax names the PINT AE category its treatment maps to in its own legal_reference.
- Where the tax balance landsThe accounts a filed declaration settles to, by role.
- payable
2110 - receivable
1155
- payable
- Bank statementsThe formats this country’s banks send, and whether anything here reads them.
- no format named
- Payment filesThe formats the country’s banks accept for an outgoing payment.
- no format named
- Financial statementsThe schemes the chart reports on, and the taxonomy their keys are written against.
AE-IFRSSME-SFP— 27 linesAE-IFRSSME-IS— 10 lines
- Who has read itA pack is reviewed when a named professional has read it against the law, and never before.
communityno named reviewer9 sources cited- Last checked against the lawThe most recent day somebody opened one of the texts the pack was built from.
- 2026-09-22
- Pack versionWhat this pack calls itself, the day it says its transcription is true, and the languages it publishes.
0.1.0— published 2026-09-22en
Free, and operated
Where the open core stops.
The line is operational, not functional. Everything that keeps working on its own is open core; what needs credentials, a certificate or a channel somebody keeps running is the hosted edition.
AE-VAT-RETURNdeclarationFree, for everComputed from the ledger, frozen box by box, filed by hand on the administration’s portal, and what it owes is carried to 2110. The deposit number and the administration’s own words come back into your own database.
OperatedTransmission: the credentials, the certificate and a channel somebody keeps running. The return stays yours.
pint-aeeinvoicingFree, for everAn invoice is written and validated as pint-ae by a brick of packages/formats, and read back the same way.
OperatedSending and receiving over Peppol: a certified access point and a certificate.
What it was built from
9 sources — the law this pack was read against
- Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 on Value Added Tax, and its amendments (consolidated text, publishing 28 November 2025)
Ministry of Finance, published by the Federal Tax Authority · law · read 2026-09-22
- Cabinet Decision No. 52 of 2017 on the Executive Regulation of Federal Decree-Law No. 8 of 2017 on Value Added Tax, and its amendments (consolidated text, publishing 10 September 2026)
Ministry of Finance, published by the Federal Tax Authority · regulation · read 2026-09-22
- Filing VAT Returns and Making Payments
Federal Tax Authority · guidance · read 2026-09-22
- Value Added Tax (VAT)
Ministry of Finance · guidance · read 2026-09-22
- UAE Electronic Invoicing Guidelines, Version 1.1, 1 June 2026
Ministry of Finance · guidance · read 2026-09-22
- UAE E-Invoicing
Federal Tax Authority · portal · read 2026-09-22
- e-Invoicing — Ministry of Finance initiative portal
Ministry of Finance · portal · read 2026-09-22
- Ministerial Decision No. 64 of 2025 on the Eligibility Criteria and Accreditation Procedure for Service Providers under the Electronic Invoicing System, and its amendments
Ministry of Finance, published by the Federal Tax Authority · regulation · read 2026-09-22
- Federal Tax Authority Decision No. 4 of 2026 on the Rules and Requirements for Maintaining the Information Contained in Accounting Records and Commercial Books
Federal Tax Authority · regulation · read 2026-09-22
Your books in United Arab Emirates, on Ekwo.
Run it on your own project in one command, or leave us an address and we set it up with you.